Eastern Natural Philosophers

As there was little formality among subjects until recent times, the categories below are adjectival. And because many Eastern natural philosophers were polymaths, some listings are in multiple categories. All years are anno domini (AD) unless otherwise noted; date preceded by b. is born, c. is approximate, fl. is flourished, and d. is died. Luminary name rendered in Latin or English or both is shown in parentheses. This page is still in development phase.

Astronomical

• Ando Yueki, fl. 1663
• Aryabhata, 476-550; b. Taregana, Bihar
• Chen Zhuo (陳卓), fl. 3rd century
• Enami Kazusumi, fl. 1658
• Hsiung Ming-yu, fl. 1638
• Ikeda Shoi, fl. 17th century
• Jang Yeong-sil (蔣英實), fl. early 1400s; b. Joseon (Korea)
• Kamo no Arikata (賀茂の?), fl. 1414
• Kamo no Tadayuki (賀茂の?), fl. 10th century
• Kamo no Yasunori (賀茂の保憲), 917-977
• Kamo no Mitsuyoshi (賀茂の?), fl. 10th century
• Liu Zhuo, 544-610; fl. ?
• Nishikawa Joken (西川如見), 1648-1724
• Ogawa Masaoki, fl. 1673
• Okanoi Gentei, fl. 17th century
• Shen Kuo (沈括), 1031-1095; b. Ch'ien-t'ang
• Shibukawa Shunkai (渋川春海) (Shibukawa Harumi, Yasui Santetsu II, Motoi Santetsu), 1639-1715; fl. Edo (Tokyo)
• Su Song, 1020-1101; b. near Quanzhou
• Wang Chong, 27 - c. 100; b. Shangyu, Zhejiang
• Yi Xing (I Hsing, born Zhang Sui), 683 - 727; fl. Chang'an
• Zhang Heng (張衡), 78-139; b. Xi'e (near modern Nanyang City)
• Zhang Sixun (张思训) (Chang Ssu-hsun); fl. 10th century

Biological / Botanical / Zoological

• Esai (明菴栄西), 1141-1215; b. Bitchu; fl. remote Kyushu
• Hsi Ling-Shih (嫘祖) (Leizu); fl. 2640 BC
• Li Shizhen (李时珍) (Li Shih-chen, Dongbi), 1518 - 1593; fl. Beijing

Chemical / Alchemical

• Tsai Lun (蔡倫) (Cai Lun), c. 50 - 121; b. Leiyang, Hunan
• Tseng Kung Liang (Zeng Gung-lyang), fl. c. 1040
• Shi-Dun, fl. 105

Geological / Geographical

• Ikeda Koun, fl. 1618
• Li Shizhen (李時珍) (Li Shih-chen, Dongbi), 1518 - 1593; fl. Beijing
• Shen Kuo (沈括), 1031-1095; b. Ch'ien-t'ang
• Su Song (蘇頌), 1020 - 1101; b. near Quanzhou
• Zhang Heng (張衡), 78 - 139; b. Xi'e (near modern Nanyang City)

Medical / Physiological / Anatomical

• Aeba Toan, 1686-1754
• Abe no Manao, fl. 8th-9th century
• Arashiyama Hoan, 1633-1693
• Bak Yundeok, fl. 1431
• Bian Que (Bian Qiao or Pien Chiao), c. 700 BC
• Chang Tsung-cheng, 1156-1128
• Chen Chuan, fl. 643
• Chu Cheng heng, 1281-1358
• Furubayashi Kengi, 1597-1657
• Fukane Sukehito (Fukae Hojin), fl. 920
• Handa Junan, 1596-1624
• Heo Jun (淸源), 1537/39-1615; b. Joseon (Korea)
• Inoue Gentetsu, 1602-1686
• Izumo no Hirosada, fl. 800s
• Kagawa Shuan, 1683-1755
• Kaibara Ekken (貝原益軒), 1630-1714; b. Chikuzen province, fl. Nagasaki, Kyoto
• Kajiwara Shozen, 1265-1337
• Kurisaki Doki, 1566-1651
• Li Ai, 1180-1252
• Li Shizhen (李時珍) (Li Shih-chen, Dongbi), 1518-1593; fl. Beijing
• Liu Wansu (刘完素), 1110-1200
• Manase Dosan, 1507-1594
• Manase Gensaku, 1549-1631
• Majima Seigan, d. 1379
• Matsuoka Joan, 1669-1747
• Narabayashi Chinzan, 1643-1711
• Mi Huangfu (皇甫謐), c. 215-282; b. Gansu province
• Nishi Genpo, d. 1684
• No Jungnye, fl. 1431
• Okamoto Ippo, 1686-1754
• Okamoto Genya, 1587-1645; fl. Edo (Tokyo)
• Shen Nung (神農), fl. 300 BC
• Su Song (蘇頌), 1020-1101; b. near Quanzhou
• Takeda Masayoshi, 1338-1380
• Tashiro Sanki (田代三喜), 1465-1537; fl. Ashikaga
• Tao Hungching (Tao Hongjing, Tao Hongming), 452-536
• Tamba no Kaneyasu, ?
• Tamba no Masatada, 1021-1088
• Tamba no Yasuyori (丹波康頼), 912-995; b. Tamba
• Wang Bing (Qixuanzi, Wang Taipu, Wang Ping), fl. 762
• Wang Shuho (王叔和) (Wang Xi), c. 180-270; b. Jining
• Yoshida Ikyu, fl. 16th century
• Yurin, fl. 1368
• Yu Hyotong, fl. 1431
• Zhang Zhongjing (張仲景) (Chang Chung-ching), 150-219; b. Nanyang, fl. Changsha

Physical / Mechanical

• Bi Sheng (畢昇), 990 - 1051
• Choe Yun-ui (崔允儀), 1102 - 1162; fl. Goryeo (Korea)
• Chiao Wei-yo, fl. late 10th century
• Jang Yeong-sil (蔣英實), fl. early 1400s; b. Joseon (Korea)
• Lu Ban (魯班) (Lu Pan), 507 BC – 440 BC
• Mozi (墨翟) (Mo-Ti or Micius), 470 BC - 390 BC; b. Tengzhou
• Shen Kuo (沈括), 1031 - 1095; b. Qiantang (Hangzhou)
• Su Song (蘇頌), 1020 - 1101; b. near Quanzhou
• Wang Chieh, c. 9th century
• Wang Chong, 27 - c. 100; b. Shangyu, Zhejiang
• Zhang Heng (張衡), 78 - 139; b. Xi'e (near modern Nanyang City)
• Zhang Sixun (張思訓) (Chang Ssu-hsun); fl. 10th century
• Zhuge Liang (諸葛亮), 181 - 234; b. Yangdu, Langya Commandery (Yinan)
• Zou Yan (鄒衍), 305 BC – 240 BC; b. Qi (Shandong)

See also

• Bibliography of books for scientific study of Japan before 1720
• Middle Eastern natural philosophers
• Science and Technology Chronology of Japan before 1720
• Transfer of Knowledge from Korea to Japan Chronology
• Western natural philosophers
• Women in Science and Technology: 1900 BC - AD 1600